Foreign direct investment (FDI) is often seen as a means to boost domestic investment and, hence, capital accumulation. Yet, the empirical support for such a positive investment effect of FDI is inconclusive. A possible reason is that FDI is often directed towards the financial sector, where...

We assess the relevance of macro rates of return on time-varying fiscal and external sustainability. First, we compute the total public and private macroeconomic rates of return for 16 OECD countries from 1980 to 2022. We find that there is a positive impact of higher investment returns on...

In seeking to reach upper middle-income status by 2030 and high-income status by 2045, Vietnam aspires to become a modern and industrialized nation with a higher quality of life for its citizens. After this brief introduction, the following section provides a background on the trends in the...

The green transition of the EU economy will require substantial investment to 2030 and beyond. Estimates of green investment needs vary between institutions and are surrounded by high uncertainty, but they all point to a requirement for faster and more ambitious action. Green investment will...

In spring 2024, the World Bank Group and the African Development Bank launched an ambitious effort to connect 300 million people in Africa with electricity access by 2030. The subsequent M300 Africa Energy Summit held in January in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, was a landmark gathering focused on...