Background: Indonesia is an archipelagic country with 17,508 islands spread over the Pacific and Indian Oceans, with thousands of inter-island routes requiring a large and engaged fleet. The vast expanse of the country also leads to challenges related to optimal fleet coverage, routing, and oil...

Background: Accurate inventory management of intermittent spare parts requires precise demand forecasting. The sporadic and irregular nature of demand, characterized by long intervals between occurrences, results in a significant data imbalance, where demand events are vastly outnumbered by...

We propose inventory replenishment and lateral transshipment policies for a distribution network. The distribution centers place weekly regular orders and daily urgent orders to the factory. Two classes of stochastic demands, pre-ordered and peddling, cause either backlogging or lost sales when...