This research delves into the complexities of assessing polycentric development, focusing on Tehran's city-region. Using a systematic analytical approach, we examine geographical boundaries, center thresholds, and measurement indicators over time. Our findings highlight the crucial role of...

Purpose Financial inclusion aims to provide affordable financial services, including banking, loans, equity, and insurance products, to underserved populations. This study aims to examine the moderating effect of a bank's capital adequacy ratio (CAR) on the nexus between financial inclusion (FI)...

This paper studies the international mobility of capital and labour. Using a Mixed Linear Model (MMA) the authors analyse the interaction of emigration and immigration with foreign direct investment, exports and imports, and international remittances. The sample comprises 112 countries with...

Organic farming is increasingly promoted and supported at several levels for its capability of producing safe food and public goods. It can give an important contribution to attenuating the environmental pressure generated by conventional agriculture. This paper analyses possible determinants of...