The 21st century fracking boom transformed American energy production, but new jobs were often filled by temporary in-migrants and long-distance commuters, possibly reducing economic benefits for prior residents. We use novel restricted-access data from the U.S. Census Bureau to assess fracking...

We exploit the sharp escalation in community-based ICE enforcement following the January 2025 inauguration to estimate the causal effect of immigration enforcement on consumer spending. Using Synthetic Difference-in-Differences with cross-state variation in surge intensity as the identifying...

We exploit the sharp escalation in community-based ICE enforcement following the January 2025 inauguration to estimate the causal effect of immigration enforcement on consumer spending. Using Synthetic Difference-in-Differences with cross-state variation in surge intensity as the identifying...