We consider a duopoly price competition with each firm selling one substitute product to strategic consumers, who assess their willingness to pay based on the reference price and make purchase decisions through the MNL model. The influence of reference price on consumer demand, known as the...

Especially for developing countries like Ethiopia, saving is more significant to build capital required to generate income, smooth domestic cash requirements, and allow the ease of consumption during scarcity. However, rural saving at the household level was not substantially investigated in...