Aging populations have led many European countries to make an effort to increase the effective retirement age and keep workers longer in the labor force. An increase in the retirement age does not necessarily lead to a rise in the employment rate of older workers, as many could remain...

The survey explores the working arrangements and earnings that apprentices received during 2018-19. The survey included almost 10,000 telephone interviews with apprentices enrolled on a course in Great Britain. The report provides statistics on apprentices': working arrangements, basic hourly...

The survey explores the working arrangements and earnings that apprentices received during 2018-19. The survey included almost 10,000 telephone interviews with apprentices enrolled on a course in Great Britain. The report provides statistics on apprentices': working arrangements, basic hourly...

For more than 80 years, many macroeconomic analyses have been premised on the assumption that workers' nominal wage rates cannot be cut. The U.S. evidence on this assumption has been inconclusive because of distortions from reporting error in household surveys. Following a British literature, we...

This paper provides evidence on the role of non-base wage components as a channel for firms to adjust labour costs in the event of adverse shocks. It uses data from a firm-level survey for 25 European countries that covers the period 2010–2013. We find that firms subject to nominal wage...

Yes, it makes a lot of sense. This paper studies how to design simple loss functions for central banks, as parsimonious approximations to social welfare. We show, both analytically and quantitatively, that simple loss functions should feature a high weight on measures of economic activity,...