We live in an era where semiconductors underpin global technological infrastructures. However, the increasing complexity and cybersecurity vulnerabilities within semiconductor supply chains, exposes all technology-based industries to significant, cyber risks.This paper investigates how incumbent...

This study presents a comprehensive framework for optimizing the Economic Production Quantity (EPQ) with variable screening rates under two distinct inspection scenarios: Sufficient-Inspection-Rate (IRS) and Insufficient-Inspection-Rate (IRI). In the IRS scenario, the production system employs a...

Sustainability in closed-loop supply chains (CLSCs) is becoming a significant focus due to increasing environmental pressures and carbon regulations. While numerous studies have examined aspects such as carbon emissions, green technology, and the quality of used products, gaps remain in...