This article questions the empirical usefulness of leverage effects to describe the dynamics of equity returns. Using a recursive estimation scheme that accurately disentangles the asymmetry coming from the conditional distribution of returns and the asymmetry that is related to the past return...

This article questions the empirical usefulness of leverage effects to describe the dynamics of equity returns. Using a recursive estimation scheme that accurately disentangles the asymmetry coming from the conditional distribution of returns and the asymmetry that is related to the past return...

Analyzing latent variables is becoming more and more important in several fields, such as clinical research, psychology, educational sciences, ecology, and epidemiology. The item response theory allows analyzing latent variables measured by questionnaires of items with binary or ordinal...

To keep yields non-negative in a quadratic Gaussian term structure model (QGTM), the short rate is represented by the quadratic form of the Gaussian state variables. The QGTM is among the most attractive candidate tools for analyzing yield curves for countries with low interest rates. However,...