This report highlights the commonalities and disagreements between the reporting by Member States (MS) to the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) on the standards for Biological Quality elements in coastal waters, and the methodological standards...

This report presents the main outcomes from the Commission's assessment of the second programmes of measures, which all Member States had to report by 31 March 2022. These programmes are an update since the first implementation cycle and take account of the latest assessment of the state of...

This report presents the main outcomes from the Commission's assessment of the second programmes of measures, which all Member States had to report by 31 March 2022. These programmes are an update since the first implementation cycle and take account of the latest assessment of the state of...

Europe's marine environment faces increasing demands from maritime sectors and this briefing addresses the often-conflicting demands on the marine space. This briefing highlights the need for informed planning to meet climate goals and safeguard marine biodiversity.

Across Africa, rising populations and increased socioeconomic activity in coastal areas are resulting in increasing marine pollution. Rather than expand their Blue Economies, countries need to combat pollution in coastal and marine waters to mitigate the threats posed to biodiversity, ecosystem...

The assessment of the sea-floor and benthic habitats of Europe's seas is a requirement of the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) under the qualitative descriptor 6 ("Sea-floor integrity is at a level that ensures that the structure and functions of the ecosystems are safeguarded and...