In an election, protest voters signal their discontent with the party they traditionally support in different ways. This paper examines a specific form of protest voting in which voters choose an anti-mainstream party over their true first preference, the mainstream party, as a way to signal...

In theory, voter attitudes towards policy changes (e.g., whether to increase the minimum wage) ought to depend on their beliefs about the current level of the relevant policy variable. In this paper, I test this hypothesis using a large-scale (n = 5, 000) and pre-registered survey experiment...

We study how preferences for migration-related narratives differ between private and public contexts and how social media fuel opinion polarization. Using a German representative sample (n=1,226), we found that individuals, especially from the left and center, avoided publicly endorsing...

The Schengen Area is the largest free travel area in the world, enabling all persons to cross internal borders (meaning borders between countries of the Schengen Area) without being subjected to border checks. Being part of the area without internal border controls means that these countries:...

The Schengen Area is the largest free travel area in the world, enabling all persons to cross internal borders (meaning borders between countries of the Schengen Area) without being subjected to border checks. Being part of the area without internal border controls means that these countries:...