Catalytic refining of bio-oil by reacting with olefin/alcohol over solid acids can convert bio-oil to oxygen-containing fuels. Reactivities of groups of compounds typically present in bio-oil with 1-octene (or 1-butanol) were studied at 120 °C/3 h over Dowex50WX2, Amberlyst15, Amberlyst36,...

To investigate the effect of the molecular structure of nitrogen compounds on the CO and NO emissions from experiments conducted in a bench-scale BFBC (bubbling fluidized-bed combustor), feed materials are prepared by mixing the model compounds (including pyridine, pyrrole, quinolone, aniline,...

Upgrading of pyrolysis bio-oil from biomass suggests great environmental and economical advantages for the production of renewable and sustainable energy sources. However, there are considerable challenges in the development of techno-economically feasible processes and catalysts. One promising...