The entitlement of tax treaty benefits is one of the most sensitive things for countries around the globe. The reason for it being sensitive is to ensure that benefits are granted only to persons who are genuinely entitled to them, and also to avoid any kind of tax abuse. The first step in...

The movement toward open government and fiscal transparency is a worldwide effort that promises the possibility of better and stronger democracy. Transparency is also presumed to help combat corruption and waste. Greater transparency in government thus has been an important goal of many...

This paper provides an update on staff's work on a new Fiscal Transparency Code (FTC) and experiences with the initial pilot Fiscal Transparency Evaluations (FTE), the ground work for which was laid in a 2012 paper 'Fiscal Transparency, Accountability, and Risk.' Both are part of ongoing efforts...

This paper elaborates Bolivia's fiscal transparency assessment report. The purpose of this IMF report is to facilitate countries in analyzing the fiscal situation through the appropriate basic, good, and advanced practices to identify which areas might benefit from reforms. These reforms intend...

This paper discusses key findings of the pilot Fiscal Transparency Evaluation for the Russian Federation. Most aspects of Russia’s fiscal reporting and budgeting practices are in line with good or advanced practice under the July 2013 draft of the Fiscal Transparency Code. The disclosure and...

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Portugal’s practices meet most of the principles of the revised Fiscal Transparency Code at good or advanced levels. A number of areas still present practices at a basic level, but in most of these cases this reflects reforms that have recently been launched and have not yet...

This Technical Assistance report on Iceland discusses that the issue of maintaining alignment with budgets and budgetary reports that are expected to focus on Government Finance Statistics Manual of 2001 (GFSM 2001) indicators. Consolidated 'whole-of-government' financial statements of the...

In this study, we analyze the performance characteristics of BIPV (Building Integrated Photovoltaic) system of Climate Change Research Building of National Environment Research Institution which was designed with the aim of zero carbon building. This building totaling 2449 m2 is consist of five...