Holders of life insurance policies can exercise various options that lead to contract modifications, e.g., full surrender, partial surrender, and paid-up and dynamic premium increase options. Transitions between these contract states materially affect (current and future) cash flows and thus...

Full electronic automation in stock exchanges has recently become popular, generating high-frequency intraday data and motivating the development of near real-time price forecasting methods. Machine learning algorithms are widely applied to mid-price stock predictions. Processing raw data as...