Studies of the determinants of emigration from Europe from 1850 to 1913 include the gains to migrants but often neglect the costs. One component of those costs is earnings forgone on the voyage. In this paper I present new data on the voyage times for emigrants from the UK traveling to the...

The evolution of the space economy is attracting more attention, as space products and services expand their presence in the daily work of public authorities and lives of citizens. In parallel, the emergence of new space systems, as well as public and private investment in space activities, have...