This article treats Smith's writings on patriotism and universal benevolence in the final edition of The Theory of Moral Sentiments by placing them in some broader contexts. Smith affirmed proper patriotism as virtuous and consistent with the Christian ethic of universal benevolence. Proper...

Manuscript type: Quantitative paper Research Aims: This study aims to examine the effects of religiosity animosity, consumer eficacy, and xenocentrism on consumer participation in product boycotts. Design/methodology/approach: A survey method was employed, collecting data from 255 young...

This study explores consumer ethnocentrism (CET), distinguishing between Hard Ethnocentrism (HET) and Soft Ethnocentrism (SET), and their impact on Purchase Intentions (PIN), with gender as a moderating variable. Data from 372 Latin American native consumers were collected via an electronic...