This paper with the application of linear, nonlinear and long–run Granger causality tests, examines the causal links between the main Polish market price index (WIG) of the Warsaw Stock Exchange and four macroeconomic aggregates, namely the value of sold industrial production, the unemployment...

This study provides empirical evidence of the joint dynamics between stock returns and trading volume using stock data for DAX companies. Our research confirms the hypothesis that traditional linear causality tests often fail to detect some kinds of nonlinear relations, while nonlinear tests do...

Recent empirical evidence based on a linear framework tends to suggest that a Markov-switching version of the consumption-aggregate wealth ratio (cayMS), developed to account for structural breaks, is a better predictor of stock returns than the conventional measure (cay) – a finding we...