Saudi Arabia has mixed expectations ahead of Donald Trump’s imminent second presidency. On the one hand, the royal family maintains close business relations with the president-elect and his entourage, which could lead to privileged access to the White House. On the other hand, Trump’s Middle...

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is no silver bullet but could be a nugget of gold. It is a way to ensure that strategic industries can be both decarbonised and kept in Europe. The EU should instrumentalise the technology to become the world's carbon banking hub and setter of the global CO2...

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is no silver bullet but could be a nugget of gold. It is a way to ensure that strategic industries can be both decarbonised and kept in Europe. The EU should instrumentalise the technology to become the world's carbon banking hub and setter of the global CO2...

The study aims to critically assess the safe-haven properties of Bitcoin and a diverse set of commodities in mitigating stock market risks during periods of extreme financial turbulence. Specifically, this research seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of these assets as hedging tools or...

The OPEC governments mainly financed their budgets by relying on oil production, similar to many other governments globally. However, the world’s ongoing economic development, changes in countries’ political relationships, and exchange of sanctions could have adverse consequences for...