This paper presents<i> in situ</i> measurements of a newly developed current density measurement system for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). While the functional principle and technical evaluation of the measurement system were presented in a previous paper, this paper analyzes the...

Close supply chain of green agricultural products is defined, consisting of the supplier, manufacturer, distributor, retailer and consumer (customer). Cost structure of distributor is analyzed, mainly including the order activity-based cost, the inventory cost and the supply transportation cost...

This paper proposes a model of an integrated energy based direct district water-heating system, which makes joint use of wind energy, solar energy, natural gas and electric energy. The model includes a stand-alone wind turbine generator, heat producers, a water supply network and heating load....

This paper presents a comprehensive model of a small-scale integrated energy based district heating and cooling (DHC) system located in a residential area of hot-summer and cold-winter zone, which makes joint use of wind energy, solar energy, natural gas and electric energy. The model includes...

Ant colony optimization was initially proposed for discrete search spaces while in continuous domains, discretization of the search space has been widely practiced. Attempts for direct extension of ant algorithms to continuous decision spaces are rapidly growing. This paper briefly reviews the...