-household variation over time by using panel data from the Japanese Panel Survey of Consumers (2003-2019), which provides individual …

By comparing the Bundesbank's BOP-HH and the ECB's CES-ECB household panel surveys focusing on inflation perceptions … selection bias stemming from (i) individuals' willingness to participate in a household panel, and (ii) the 'learning effect …' associated with repeated survey exposure. Our findings show that focusing on newcomers to the panel does not resolve these issues …