Background: Predicting student performance in online learning is difficult due to class imbalance and limited model interpretability. At-risk students are fewer than high performers, biasing predictions, and methods like SMOTE fail to preserve temporal patterns. Although black-box models are...

Group work is a commonly used method of working, and the performance of a group can vary depending on the type and structure of the task at hand. Research suggests that groups can exhibit "collective intelligence"—the ability to perform well across tasks—under certain conditions, making...

Group work is a commonly used method of working, and the performance of a group can vary depending on the type and structure of the task at hand. Research suggests that groups can exhibit "collective intelligence"—the ability to perform well across tasks—under certain conditions, making...