This study challenges the conventional assumption that polycentric urban development inherently reduces spatial inequalities. Focusing on the Tehran Metropolitan Region between 2010 and 2020, it demonstrates that housing affordability crises can actively generate-rather than mitigate-polycentric...

In this note, we provide a brief first quantitative assessment of possible consequences of the energy price shock for euro area inflation. We consider different scenarios of more or less persistent increases of gasoline, diesel, natural gas, kerosine price increases on headline and core HICP...

How would fundamental political change in Iran, leading to a democratic system with a free and rulesbased economic order, affect Germany and the EU economically? In the event of change, sanctions could be scaled back, allowing Iran to rejoin the global economy. This study quantifies the economic...

This article examines the contentious debate surrounding Universal Basic Income (UBI)-an unconditional, equal, and permanent cash payment providing basic needs for all citizens-from an ideological left-right perspective. It analyzes key arguments made by proponents and opponents on both sides,...

This policy brief examines the economic importance of Iran and neighboring countries relying on the Strait of Hormuz for trade flows of the EU and Germany. It then assesses the potential impact of a blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, which would significantly disrupt trade in the region.

The higher turnout in Iraq’s recent parliamentary elections reflects advances over the past four years, notably in infrastructure development, security, and political stability. The election’s outcome and ensuing coalition-building dynamics underscore trends and challenges that will shape...