customized services, which require the use of personal data, and a concern for data protection. How do we reconcile these … citizens exhibit a strong baseline interest in personalized services. However, a requirement to share personal data had an …

Using China's Cybersecurity Law (CSL) as an exogenous shock, I examine how personal data security affects stock crash … risk. I find that the stock crash risk of treatment firms (which collect personal data) significantly decreases after the … CSL, and such decrease is larger when firms face greater personal data breach risk and have less transparent information …

and non-personal data. Result: A respective system architecture for the integration of selected methods is proposed and …