For central banks, official communications serve as essential monetary policy instruments: In press releases, speeches, and interviews, central banks explain their decisions, manage expectations, and promote confidence in their strategy. This Weekly Report analyzes European Central Bank (ECB)...

In this study, we use data from the World Bank Global Findex database for 2021 to investigate both voluntary and involuntary reasons for financial exclusion in an era of increasing digitalisation. Our analysis reveals that socio-demographic characteristics play a significant role in determining...