Workflow scheduling aims to optimize task allocation and execution in cloud-fog​ computing environments. Finding an optimal algorithm for workflow scheduling poses a significant challenge due to the complexity and variability of tasks and resources involved. Although meta-heuristic algorithms...

"Business Process Standardization" (BPS) is a practice intended to achieve consistency across underlying organizational processes, in support of service-delivery excellence and optimization of costs and benefits. Given the growing importance of BPS, there is need in both research and practice...