As bitcoin becomes more important as a worldwide financial phenomenon, it also becomes important to understand its sources of value formation. There are three ways to obtain bitcoins: buy them outright, accept them in exchange, or else produce them by 'mining'. Mining employs computational...

We present a dynamic intraseasonal model of optimal investment in irrigation precision that takes into reductions in disease losses and acceleration of crop growth as well as water savngs. We derive the optimal levels of water use, investment in precision equipment and timing of harvest under...

In the near future the CAP will continue to be structured around two pillars. In the first pillar the main instrument for producers’ support is the decoupled Single Farm Payment. In this paper we review the methodological framework for analysing decoupled payments in models of agricultural...