In this research, a joint pricing and refund optimization problem under cooperative and non-cooperative strategies in a two-stage supply chain consists of a supplier and a manufacturer who produces two types of product; green and non-green is developed. The features of both products in usage and...

The line-cell conversion is established as a new production system towards converting traditional conveyor assembly line to a cell system, in which one (or multiple) worker carries out all of the operations of a job in a cell. Its performance improvement can be enhanced by reducing worker(s)...