This public sector pay mission scoped the available data and presents an indicative baseline and scenarios for reform. There is limited room for major increases in personnel spending and careful prioritization is needed. If implemented in 2025, adjustments to pension benefits, expanded military...

Germany's July 2025 medium-term fiscal-structural plan exposes the tension between raising public investment in a low-risk country and the requirement in European Union fiscal rules for member state debt to comply with the 60 percent of GDP public debt ratio benchmark. Germany's plan seeks to...

We examine the impact of extreme hydrogeological events on local governments' fiscal responses in Italy between 2016 and 2022, with a focus on how local public finances contribute to disaster resilience. Leveraging the staggered timing of disaster declarations and employing a...

The global economy has proven resilient in the post-pandemic period, with global disinflation continuing, but with significant remaining uncertainty. This backdrop and transformations in the economic landscape are driving strong demand for Fund engagement. The proposed budget is guided by the...

Das Sondervermögen Infrastruktur und Klimaneutralität (SVIK) soll den staatlichen Investitionsrückstand in Deutschland auflösen. Damit dieses Mammutprojekt gelingen kann, zeigt diese Studie wesentliche Stolpersteine auf und gibt konkrete Handlungsempfehlungen. Der Bund hat seine...

The medium-term budget projection for 2025 to 2029 indicates a persistently high need for fiscal consolidation in Austria's public finances. If the consolidation measures announced by mid-April remain unchanged, the general government deficit would remain close to 4 percent of GDP throughout the...

This Economic Brief analyses the euro area fiscal stance, i.e. the impulse that national and the EU budgets provide to the euro area economy, with a focus on the 2024-2026 period. In the euro area, the European Central Bank (ECB) is entrusted with the objective of maintaining price stability...