&D conducted in developed (high-income) countries. More specifically, it examines R&D spillovers from developed countries (North … evidence to suggest that disembodied North–South R&D spillovers affect the long-run level of domestic energy intensity; third … developing countries; and fourth, while many imported goods are not a channel for North–South R&D spillovers, such spillovers are …

-industrial spillover from foreign companies. The findings indicate that intra-industrial R&D spillovers from MNCs negatively impact TFP …