In this paper we describe how rolling stock and passenger connections in a cyclic railway timetable can be modeled in a flexible way within the model for the Periodic Event Scheduling Problem (PESP). The PESP model was introduced by Serani and Ukovich (1989). Usually, PESP-models assume that the...

In order to improve the robustness of a railway system in station areas, this paper introduces an iterative approach to successively optimize the train routing through station areas and to enhance this solution by applying some changes to the timetable in a tabu search environment. We present...