Chapter 1- Introduction -- Chapter 2- An Overview of The SME Industry -- Chapter 3- An Introduction to the “SME Rating …”, And Specific “SME Credit Rating” Concepts -- Chapter 4- The benefits of SME ratings -- Chapter 5- An Introduction to The … Public Sector Model -- Chapter 6- Practical Applications Of The Public Sector SME Credit Rating Model And Its Associated …

deriving revenue from ESG rating-based indices contribute to the variation in ESG ratings. Consistent with this notion, we find …

We examine whether rating shopping and rating catering behaviours, two sources of credit rating inflation, are still … prevalent in the post-Global Financial Crisis (GFC) period after the introduction of new regulations regarding Credit Rating … securitisation. Rating catering seems to have disappeared in the post-GFC period. However, our results show that rating shopping is …

This study revisits the existing evidence of a downward trend in credit rating standards indicating that CRAs have … become more conservative over time. We find that the time-series variation in the proxy for rating standards is mostly driven …

have both positive and negative real effects. We compare markets with and without a credit rating agency and find that …

This study revisits the existing evidence of a downward trend in credit rating standards indicating that CRAs have … become more conservative over time. We find that the time-series variation in the proxy for rating standards is mostly driven …

We provide the first evidence of systematic bias among an emerging type of credit rating agency that relies on …-paid rating agency, we show that EJR issues more optimistically biased bond ratings, less timely downgrades, and less accurate … expected returns. Taken together, our findings suggest that the emergence of subscriber-paid rating agencies as an alternative …

Credit rating agencies collapse high-dimensional borrower characteristics into summaries of creditworthiness …, facilitating capital flows. But biases embedded in rating algorithms may lead to misallocation. We test for bias in sovereign …