Government-backed business loan programs have commonly been used as a policy tool for mitigating the impact of adverse scenarios such as the recent pandemic. However, the effects of these policies on micro, small and medium enterprises remain unclear, particularly in developing countries. Using...

This paper examines the effect of company size on transaction multiples. The existence of the size effect has been investigated by a number of authors who have primarily used data for publicly traded companies for their research. Our research works with data from private transactions with...

By gathering and analyzing the textual information in eXtensible Business Reporting Language format from the annual securities reports of around 3,800 Japanese listed companies from 2013 to 2023, this study aims to uncover the trend of Japanese corporate environmental, social, and governance...

This study examines the impact of digital integration on the environmental sustainability of European companies from 2016 to 2022, focusing on emissions reduction, environmental innovation, and resource efficiency. Using a two-stage system generalized method of moments (GMM) model and quantile...