frequency vector autoregression (VAR). It shows that potential causalities for inflation, relative price variability, relative … price skewness, and output growth can be successfully detected by the MFVAR. The cross-section distribution of sectoral …

price data underlying the consumer price index are used to estimate relative price trends over the product life cycle …. Minimising the welfare consequences of relative price distortions in the presence of these trends requires targeting a … models ignoring relative price trends, or of targeting 4%, turn out to be substantial. …

empirical evidence has been sparse to put theory into practice. To estimate the relative price change in ecosystem services that … estimates of good-specific growth rates, we estimate relative price change of ecosystem services of around 2.2 percent per year …