show that the growth of the oil sector is more vulnerable to shocks, negatively reflecting economic growth for long periods …. However, growth in the non-oil sector is stable and reduces the negative shocks on economic growth. Both the private and …

The substantial increase in public sector wages in Mongolia introduced in the 2023 supplementary budget has raised … concerns about its potential spillover effects on private sector wages and subsequent inflationary pressures. Furthermore, both … public and private sector wages have grown on average faster than labor productivity in Mongolia during 2000-2023 with …

. This paper explores cross‑country variations in the relationship between service sector expansion and female employment in … substantial differences across countries in how strongly the female share of working hours responds to service sector expansion … associated with a larger food and accommodation sector. These findings suggest that countries undergoing greater reallocation …

over the long term. In the short run, previous inflation, the service sector, the second lag in population, and the … agricultural sector do not reduce inflation. The industrial sector and the first lag of the population can lower inflation rates …. Thus, the industry sector in the long run and the service and agricultural sectors in the short run are inefficient at …

collective bargaining, face substantial hurdles due to weak enforcement, low union density, and public sector restrictions on …