facilitators in smuggling, focused research on this logistical channel is scarce and scattered due to its multidisciplinary, cross … appeal for smuggling activities. With criminals thus increasingly shifting to online operations and postal remote shipments …

The literature on smuggling is progressing steadily as the topic has received increasing attention in recent years … publication, which attempts to consolidate smuggling research: The Routledge Handbook on Smuggling (Gallien and Weigand, 2021 …). The book helps lay the foundations for the conceptualisation of smuggling and provides clear guidance for its study …

The literature on smuggling is progressing steadily as the topic has received increasing attention in recent years … publication, which attempts to consolidate smuggling research: The Routledge Handbook on Smuggling (Gallien and Weigand, 2021 …). The book helps lay the foundations for the conceptualisation of smuggling and provides clear guidance for its study …

Smuggling harms the economy and development of a country. Various statistical methods can be used to determine the … geographical distribution of smuggling within a country. In this regard, clustering techniques (both classical and spatial analysis …) have been used to present an overview of smuggling in Iranian provinces from 2009 to 2017. This dataset can be transformed …

Objectives: This study examines the convergence of smuggling and trafficking in persons along the Central Mediterranean … experienced forced labour. Results: We find clear overlaps and crossovers between smuggling of migrants, forced labour, debt … bondage, extortion, kidnapping and human trafficking. Notably, we observed transitions from trafficking to smuggling – a …