Adoption of international standards and investment in research and development (R&D), can be seen as two possible paths to support enterprises' sustainable innovation and technological progress. This study argues that some aspects of R&D investment and certification to international standards...

Following the judgment of the Court of Justice and especially the Opinion of the Advocate General in the CDC Hydrogen Peroxide case, arbitration agreements on disputes concerning damages for infringements of the competition rules of the TFEU have been interpreted as being contrary to the...

Canada relies on third party certification of products and materials to manage health and safety issues. Thousands of mandatory standards are embedded in federal, provincial, and territorial regulations and in national safety codes. European manufacturers of products and materials can therefore...

The broad deployment of Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)-related standards (such as, HTTPS, HTTP/3 and HTTP security response headers) is imperative for ensuring the interoperability, security, scalability and stability of the Internet. This report studies the adoption rate of modern...