substantially under the interplay of scale economies and diseconomies. Against the backdrop of the 20th CPC Central Committee … study investigates the debt-development nexus through the lens of dual-scale economies in explicit/implicit local government … results demonstrate the following: (1) An inverted U-shaped relationship between local debt scale and economic development …

We estimate measures of economies of scale and scope for a sample of 48 Canadian universities that produce multiple … a measure of research output by alternatively using publication counts. We did not find economies of scale at any … university size but did find ray economies of scale up to 60% of the median university size. Economies of scope were evident up …