As fourth party logistics (4PL) has the power to integrate the supply chain, from the beginning of the 21st century, it has attracted more and more attention in many fields. As one of the most important aspects in 4PL, the fourth party logistics routing problem (4PLRP) is very difficult to solve...

Path travel time reliability is an essential measure of the quality of service for transportation systems and an important attribute in travelers’ route and departure time scheduling. This paper investigates a fundamental problem of finding the most reliable path under different spatial...

On-time performance of airlines schedule is key factor in maintaining current customer satisfaction and attracting new ones. This requires management of the different operation resources (crew/aircraft) to ensure their on-time readiness for each flight in the planned schedule. However, flight...