The political, organizational, and ideological deadlock that European social democracy has gone through in recent decades is obvious and much discussed. This impasse is indirectly expressed by the weakness of social democratic parties in maintaining their electoral clientele and social base of...

This paper explains how growing inequality of wealth and asset inflation inhibits social mobility and the functioning of the labour market, whose efficiency is a key feature of macroeconomic theory and labour economics. However, because the composition of wealth differs between social classes,...

Can autocratic governments gain support by implementing a welfare reform and a repressive law? This paper studies a famous case - Bismarck's policies of social insurance and the antisocialist law in late 19th century Germany. The socialist party, I find, increases its vote share in...

Upon assuming power for the first time in 1935, the Norwegian Labour Party delivered on its promise for a major schooling reform. The reform raised minimum instruction time in less developed rural areas and boosted the resources available to rural schools, reducing class size and increasing...

This short note introduces the debate on the future of economic policy and reform of capitalism, to be hosted in a new temporary section of the journal. It is essential to debate how to achieve a balance between 'bread' (economic security) and 'liberty' (political freedom), in a dynamic sense,...