The reform of the European fiscal rules came into force on 30 April 2024. The new rules, like the former ones, impose a depressive bias on domestic fiscal policies, leaving Member States' no fiscal room for manoeuvre. At the same time, the European Pillar of Social Rights sets ambitious targets...

This working paper presents an overview of the gradual development of the Soviet welfare system from the October Revolution of 1917 to the country’s dissolution in 1991. It examines all major social welfare programmes in the Soviet Union and their generosity – understood as the combination...

A competitive and sustainable economy with a high level of employment is the basis for the European economic and social model which also contributes to better economic and social convergence. Enhancing productivity based on skills and knowledge is the only sound recipe for maintaining the...

This document seeks to provide input, albeit not comprehensive, to the Global Coalition for Social Justice. It highlights key messages from EESC opinions on the six priority areas identified by the International Labour Organization (ILO) for immediate action: 1. Addressing inequality,...

This document seeks to provide input, albeit not comprehensive, to the Global Coalition for Social Justice. It highlights key messages from EESC opinions on the six priority areas identified by the International Labour Organization (ILO) for immediate action: 1. Addressing inequality,...

In 2019, the European Union set a new, ambitious course towards a fair and inclusive Europe that protects its citizens and creates opportunities. At the 2021 Porto Social Summit, EU leaders, institutions and social partners agreed to put social at the heart of our policies. We set three EU-wide...

In 2019, the European Union set a new, ambitious course towards a fair and inclusive Europe that protects its citizens and creates opportunities. At the 2021 Porto Social Summit, EU leaders, institutions and social partners agreed to put social at the heart of our policies. We set three EU-wide...

The format of this report was established for the 2021 Semester, as part of the work programme of the Commission's European Disability Expertise (EDE) network and building on previous work by the Academic Network of European Disability experts (ANED) project. This updated report provides a...