We study the possible increase of partisan polarization in the Netherlands over the period 1998-2023, in particular its relationship with the degree of urbanization, the so-called urban-rural divide. Using national election results at the municipal level and municipal characteristics, we show...

In 1991, the average labor productivity of the then-new federal states (plus West Berlin) only reached nearly half of the total national productivity level. Since then, the average labor productivity of these states has climbed up to nearly 90 percent. However, the ranking of the individual...

This study aims to analyze the typology of regional inequality in Indonesia and the opportunity for regional inequality shifts due to changes in independent variables. The analysis method is carried out using the Williamson index and the Theil index. Furthermore, multinomial logit regression...

Income disparity has led to numerous significant issues, prompting the need for a deeper understanding of its causes and impacts. This paper examines the role of geographical heterogeneity in income distribution, providing empirical evidence to support development theory and inform policymakers...

This study examines regional income and inequality in the People's Republic of China from 2001 to 2020 using high-quality nighttime light (NTL) data to help proxy for the gross domestic product (GDP). The NTL-based dataset for 332 Chinese prefectural cities and 2,813 county-level units that...

We investigate convergence among Indian states between 1981 and 2016 using the distance of any state from the leading state as our key variable. We focus on the role of three major sectors-agriculture, manufacturing, and infrastructure-in achieving convergence. Prima facie, we do not find any...

Infrastructure development is a major factor of interstate inequality in India's economic development; however, much less is known about the causes of unequal infrastructure development. Using 11 parameters, this study develops three separate indices: physical, social, and financial...