This study develops a framework to evaluate real estate financial risk from three perspectives: internal risk factors, external risk factors, and interconnected risk factors, examining regional space-time differences and dynamic evolution laws across 30 provinces in China. The research finds...

We show that executives' early-life poverty experiences reduce both internal (executive-employee) and external (executive-peer) corporate pay disparities. Three mechanisms drive this effect: increased risk aversion in poverty-exposed executives, strategic avoidance of negative media coverage to...