This research focuses on spectrum acquisition and its implications for mobile network operators (MNOs) and consumers in … the period between 2014 and 2023. We performed a vast data collection on spectrum holdings and fees paid by close to 250 … operators in nearly 100 countries. Mobile spectrum has increased consistently across all regions, driven by the rollout of 4G …

The ordinary spectrum is restricted in its applications, since it is based on the second-order moments (auto- and cross …-covariances). Alternative approaches to spectrum analysis have been investigated based on other measures of dependence. One such approach was … developed for univariate time series by the authors of this paper using the local Gaussian auto-spectrum based on the local …

Recently, many countries have been reassigning the mobile communication spectrum and determining their price. In South … Korea, the mobile communication spectrum was reassigned in 2021 with a usage period from 2022 to 2026. This study focuses on … the methods for calculating reassignment fee. We aimed to measure the value of the spectrum by combining production …

By assigning rights and conditions of use, spectrum policy regulates how radio frequencies can be used by mobile … networks. We develop a parameterised calculator tool to estimate the impact of various spectrum policy aspects on the emissions … increase between 1% (up to 0.4 MtCO2e) as a result of fragmented 5G spectrum, and up to 9% ( up to 2.6 MtCO2e) as a result of a …

Access to the radio spectrum is vital for modern digital communication. It is an essential component for smartphone … capabilities, the Cloud, the Internet of Things, autonomous vehicles, and multiple other new technologies. Governments use spectrum … auctions to decide which companies should use what parts of the radio spectrum. Successful auctions can fuel rapid innovation …