The connection between public spending and the ambitions of urban elites is a common topic in the historiography of the late Middle Ages. However, it is still unclear how city finances and private capital interacted before the use of sophisticated financial systems of the late 13 th to early 14...

"The Merchant Republics" analyzes the ways in which three major economic powerhouses - Amsterdam, Antwerp and Hamburg - developed dual identities as 'communities of commerce' and as republics over the course of the long eighteenth century (c.1648-1790). In addition to discussing the qualities...

Frank Hinrichs Finanzausgleich in Deutschland und Österreich aus stadtstaatlicher Perspektive Teil 1: Ziel der Arbeit und Gang der Untersuchung 1 I. Ziel der Arbeit 1 II. Auswahl der Vergleichsobjekte ...