In 2022, the Belgian Data Protection Authority (DPA) issued a fine against IAB Europe. It held this industry association for online advertising liable for multiple violations of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in relation to the Transparency and Control Framework (TCF). This...

Power transmission systems are emerging as one of the most vulnerable parts of the power sector as climate change intensifies the frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme weather events and multiplies system-wide risks. Following the first in a three-part series on the global stocktaking of...

Landslides claim more than 4,000 lives annually and lead to approximately US$20 billion in economic losses. However, landslide hazard, risk assessment, and early warning systems remain constrained by fragmented, inconsistent, and incomplete data. This study addresses the global data gap by...

Do firms uniformly oppose regulations that increase production costs, or might industry leaders strategically support stricter standards as a competitive tool? We identify a specific mechanism through which large firms strategically support regulations to enhance their competitive position....