This paper studies how employment subsidies for start-ups shape their performance. We exploit an unexpected policy … reform in Belgium that permanently exempted start-ups hiring their first employee from payroll taxes for that employee. Using … employed fewer workers and generated lower output, value added, and profits compared to pre-reform start-ups. However, post …

This paper studies how employment subsidies for start-ups shape their performance. We exploit an unexpected policy … reform in Belgium that permanently exempted start-ups hiring their first employee from payroll taxes for that employee. Using … employed fewer workers and generated lower output, value added, and profits compared to pre-reform start-ups. However, post …

This paper studies how employment subsidies for start-ups shape their performance. We exploit an unexpected policy … reform in Belgium that permanently exempted start-ups hiring their first employee from payroll taxes for that employee. Using … firm-level administrative data and a regression-discontinuity-in-time design, we find that subsidized post-reform start …

Start-ups are an important component of driving context-sensitive sustainable development in emerging markets based on … ventures is limited, specifically in emerging markets. In this paper, we leverage novel data from a pan-African start …Start-ups gelten als wichtiger Motor für eine kontextsensitive und nachhaltige Entwicklung in Ländern mit niedrigen und …