Urban on-demand transportation services are booming, in both passenger transportation and the transportation of goods. The types of service differ in timeliness and compensation and, until now, providers operate larger fleets separately for each type of service. While this may ensure sufficient...

Operations research requires models that unambiguously define problems and support the generation and presentation of solution methodology. In the field of dynamic routing, capturing the joint evolution of complex sequential routing decisions and stochastic information is challenging, leading to...