We examine the “home bias” of knowledge spillovers (the idea that knowledge spreads more slowly over international boundaries than within them) as mea- sured by the speed of patent citations. We present econometric evidence that the geographical localization of knowledge spillovers has...

In an automobile engine, the heat transfer cannot be possible without cooling system support. The cooling system has a great importance in the engines. It coolants overheat of the engine, and prevents it from breakdown, that's why a highly reliable cooling system is the necessity of every engine...

With the advent of the WTO’s Doha Development Agenda, as well as the MillenniumDevelopment Goals aiming to reduce poverty by 50 percent by 2015, poverty impacts oftrade reforms have attracted increasing attention. This has been particularly true ofagricultural trade reform due to the...

In this paper we use a stochastic population projection methodology at the sub-national level as an alternative to the conventional deterministic cohort-component method. We briefly evaluate the accuracy of previous deterministic projections and find that there is a tendency for these to be...