(1,1) models, and VAR-based impulse response functions are employed. The results reveal that the stock market reaction to … models (in the case of Spain) confirmed that the COVID-19 pandemic increased the volatility of stock market return. This …

to 2000 of the Deutsche Telekom, which gave Germans a taste to enter the stock market. However, the fall in the share … investors with better access to financial education so they can evaluate stock market investments more rationally, thus … present study based on SOEP data shows that the events surrounding the Deutsche Telekom IPOs led to persistently lower stock …

, this study investigates the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on stock market returns and volatility in an emerging economy, i … stock market volatility data from the global financial crisis in 2007/08. Findings reveal that the recent COVID-19 pandemic … had negative stock market returns at a greater magnitude compared to the global financial crisis, in both the emerging and …

Do memories of highly emotional stock market crashes permanently affect the investment decisions of households? The … (SOEP) household survey data, I show that having experienced this event leads to persistently lower stock market …