This paper develops an enactivist theory of expectation formation by introducing the concept of temporal affordances … temporal orientation: horizon, openness, grounding, and valence. Rather than understanding expectations as internal … representations, it argues that engagement with institutional temporal affordances gives rise to distinct modes of expectation …

This paper develops an enactivist theory of expectation formation by introducing the concept of temporal affordances … temporal orientation: horizon, openness, grounding, and valence. Rather than understanding expectations as internal … representations, it argues that engagement with institutional temporal affordances gives rise to distinct modes of expectation …

, however, does not fully capture economic consequences, temporal deployment conditions, or changes in the underlying risk … decision consistency, temporal robustness, and policy stability within a deployment-oriented framework. …