An item model serves as an explicit representation of the variables in an assessment task. An item model includes the stem, options, and auxiliary information. The stem is the part of an item which formulates context, content, and/or the question the examinee is required to answer. The options...

In organizational and educational practices, sensitivity reviews are commonly advocated techniques for reducing test bias and enhancing fairness. In the present paper, results from two studies are reported which investigate how effective individuals are at detecting problematic test content and...

Because operational tasks in the uniformed services (military, police, fire and emergency services) are physically demanding and incur the risk of injury, employment policy in these services is usually competency based and predicated on objective physical employment standards (PESs) based on...